مطالعۀ پدیدارشناختی اضطراب بارداری در میان زنان باردار شهر تبریز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه روانشناسی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران

2 گروه روانشناسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

زمینه: اضطراب بارداری به‌عنوان یکی از شایع‌ترین چالش‌های روان‌شناختی دوران بارداری، می‌تواند پیامدهای نامطلوبی بر سلامت مادر، جنین و رشد بلندمدت کودک برجای بگذارد. با توجه به پیچیدگی و چندبُعدی بودن این پدیده، بررسی تجربیات زیسته زنان باردار برای درک عمیق‌تر ابعاد و عوامل مؤثر بر آن ضروری است.
هدف: هدف این پژوهش، واکاوی اضطراب بارداری بر اساس تجربیات زیستۀ زنان باردار شهر تبریز بود.
روش: این پژوهش کیفی با رویکرد پدیدارشناسی توصیفی انجام شد. تعداد ۲۰ نفر از زنان باردار ساکن شهر تبریز به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و بر اساس اصل اشباع نظری (تا زمانی که داده‌های جدید مضمون جدیدی ایجاد نکردند) انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته عمیق (با میانگین زمان ۴۵ تا ۶۰ دقیقه) جمع‌آوری و با روش تحلیل مضمون کُلایزی در نرم‌افزار MAXQDA تحلیل شدند. فرآیند تحلیل شامل کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی و استخراج مضامین اصلی و فرعی بود. جهت اطمینان از اعتبار پژوهش، معیارهای چهارگانه (Guba & Lincoln) از جمله تأیید مضامین توسط مشارکت‌کنندگان و تنوع نمونه رعایت شد.
یافته‌ها: تحلیل داده‌ها منجر به شناسایی چهار مضمون اصلی و ۱۲ مضمون فرعی شد: ۱- بُعد فیزیولوژیکی (علائم جسمانی، سابقۀ بیماری‌های خاص و عادات غلط)؛ ۲- بُعد روان‌شناختی (ویژگی‌های شخصیتی، احساسات، افکار و تجارب استرس‌زای اخیر)؛ ۳- بُعد فرهنگی (نبود گروه‌های آموزشی- حمایتی، تفکرات قالبی و باورهای نادرست، و ضرورت تقویت معنویت با کمک متخصصان)؛ ۴- بُعد اجتماعی-اقتصادی (ارتباطات و حمایت‌های اجتماعی، و مشکلات مالی و عدم رفاه اقتصادی). این مضامین در تعامل با یکدیگر، تجربۀ منحصربه‌فرد اضطراب بارداری را شکل می‌دادند.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها ضرورت مدیریت اضطراب بارداری با رویکردی چندوجهی و کل‌نگر را تأیید می‌کنند که ابعاد فیزیولوژیک، روان‌شناختی، فرهنگی- اجتماعی و اقتصادی را همزمان پوشش دهد. طراحی مداخلات آموزشی- حمایتی جامع و بازنگری سیاست‌های بهداشتی و اجتماعی مبتنی بر این ابعاد، می‌تواند گامی اساسی در کاهش اضطراب بارداری، ارتقای سلامت روان مادران و بهبود پیامدهای بارداری باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Phenomenological Study of Pregnancy Anxiety among Pregnant Women in Tabriz

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shalaleh Hosseinnezhad hallaji 1
  • Marziyeh Alivandi Vafa 2
1 Department of Psychology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
2 Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Pregnancy anxiety, as one of the most prevalent psychological challenges during gestation, can adversely affect maternal health, fetal development, and long-term developmental outcomes. Given the complexity and multidimensional nature of this phenomenon, exploring the lived experiences of pregnant women is essential for a deeper understanding of its various dimensions and contributing factors.
Aim: This study aimed to elucidate the phenomenological experiences of pregnancy anxiety among pregnant women in Tabriz, Iran.
Methods: A qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach was adopted. Twenty pregnant women residing in Tabriz were selected through purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data were collected via semi-structured in-depth interviews (averaging 45-60 minutes) and analyzed using Colaizzi's thematic analysis method in MAXQDA software. The analytical process included open, axial, and selective coding, culminating in the extraction of main and sub-themes. To ensure trustworthiness, Guba and Lincoln's criteria, including member checking and participant diversity, were adhered to.
Results: Data analysis revealed four main themes and 12 sub-themes: 1) Physiological dimension (physical symptoms, history of specific diseases, harmful habits); 2) Psychological dimension (personality traits, emotions, thoughts, recent stressful experiences); 3) Cultural dimension (lack of educational-support groups, stereotypical beliefs/misconceptions, need for spirituality enhancement guided by specialists); 4) Socioeconomic dimension (social connections/support, financial constraints and economic hardship). These themes interacted dynamically to shape the unique experience of pregnancy anxiety.
Conclusion: The findings confirm the necessity of managing pregnancy anxiety through a multidimensional and holistic approach encompassing physiological, psychological, cultural, and socioeconomic dimensions. Designing comprehensive educational-supportive interventions and revising health and social policies based on these dimensions represent a critical step toward reducing pregnancy anxiety, promoting maternal mental health, and improving pregnancy outcomes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • women
  • pregnancy anxiety
  • lived experiences
  • pregnant women
  • phenomenology

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