پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های مصرف مشروبات الکلی در دانشجویان: فراترکیب مطالعات 2020-2023

سرکشیکیان, سید مهدی; ربیع پور, محمدعرفان; کرمانشاهی, عرفان

doi:10.22077/qrbs.2024.8456.1072

پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های مصرف مشروبات الکلی در دانشجویان: فراترکیب مطالعات 2020-2023

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دکتری تخصصی، گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران.

² کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی، گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی قم، قم، ایران

10.22077/qrbs.2024.8456.1072

چکیده

زمینه: دانشجویان دانشگاه جمعیتی در معرض خطر مصرف الکل با دسترسی محدود به مداخلات هستند. اگرچه شناسایی دانشجویان در معرض خطر و فراهم کردن شرایط کمک به آن‌ها همچنان چالش‌برانگیز است، شناسایی تعیین‌کننده‌های مصرف مبتنی بر رویکردهای شخص‌محور می‌تواند به شناسایی زیر گروه‌های دانشجویان با الگوهای استفاده پرخطر کمک کند.
هدف: این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر مصرف الکل در میان دانشجویان، با تکیه بر شواهد تجربی از سال‌های 2020 تا 2023 صورت پذیرفت.
روش: پژوهش حاضر به‌صورت کاربردی و کیفی طراحی شده و با روش فراترکیب انجام شد. پژوهش‌های بین‌المللی به روش کیفی و یا ترکیبی در پایگاه‌های داده Science Direct, Spiringer, Eric, Scopes, Emerald, Sage, PubMed, Taylor & Franci با کلید واژه‌های مصرف الکل و دانشجویان، الکل و دانشجویان، سوء مصرف الکل و دانشجویان، مصرف الکل و دانشجویان، روند مصرف الکل در بین دانشجویان، مصرف الکل و دانشگاه، نوشیدن الکل، نوشیدن الکل و خوابگاه دانشگاه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. 178 مقاله با استفاده از ابزار چک لیست محقق‌ساخته انتخاب شد که پس از ارزیابی معیارهای کتاب شناختی، روش شناختی و اطلاعات لازم مرتبط با نتایج، 50 مقاله نهایی انتخاب گردید. داده‌های کیفی به شیوۀ سنتز موضوعی و در قالب مقولات، مفاهیم و کدها تحلیل شده و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار MAXQDA 18 بررسی شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های روان‌شناختی، پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های خانوادگی، پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های تربیتی، پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های اجتماعی و پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های فردی مؤلفه‌های در ارتباط با مصرف الکل دانشجویان در شواهد تجربی بود. مقدار پایایی با شاخص کاپا (90/0)، ضریب هولستی (92/0)، پی اسکات (93/0) و آلفای کرپیندورف (95/0) مطلوب بود. همچنین مقدار شاخص CVR (بالای 42/0) و CVI (بالای 79/0) جهت بررسی روایی مدل از نظر خبرگان مورد تأیید قرار گرفت.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج طراحی مداخلات، برنامه‌ریزی و اجرای سیاست‌های آموزشی، درمانی و اجتماعی جهت کاهش مصرف الکل در دانشجویان ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Predictors of alcohol consumption in college students: A meta-synthesis of studies 2020-2023

نویسندگان [English]

Seyyed Mehdi Sarkeshikiyan ¹
Mohammad Erfan Rabipour ²
Erfan Kermanshahi ²

¹ Ph. D. Department of Educational Psychology, Islamic Azad University Roudhen, Roudhen, Iran

² Master of Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University Qom, Qom, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background: University students are a population vulnerable to alcohol use with limited access to interventions. Although identifying at-risk students and providing them with support remains challenging, identifying determinants of use based on person-centered approaches can help identify subgroups of students with high-risk use patterns.
Aim: This study aimed to identify factors affecting alcohol use among students, drawing on empirical evidence from 2020 to 2023.
Method: This study was designed in an applied and qualitative manner and was conducted using a meta-synthesis method. International studies were reviewed in qualitative or mixed methods in the Science Direct, Springer, ERIC, Scopus, Emerald, Sage, PubMed, Taylor and Francis databases with the keywords alcohol use and students, alcohol and students, alcohol abuse and students, alcohol use and students, alcohol consumption trends among students, alcohol use and university, alcohol drinking, alcohol drinking and university dormitories. 178 articles were selected using a researcher-made checklist tool, and after evaluating the bibliographic, methodological criteria, and necessary information related to the results, 50 final articles were selected. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic synthesis in the form of categories, concepts, and codes and were reviewed using MAXQDA18 software.
Results: The results showed that psychological predictors, family predictors, educational predictors, social predictors, and individual predictors were components related to students' alcohol consumption in the empirical evidence. The reliability value with the kappa index (0.90), Holstey coefficient (0.92), Scott's p (0.93), and Krappendorff's alpha (0.95) was desirable. Additionally, the value of the CVR index (above 0.42) and CVI (above 0.79) was approved by experts to examine the validity of the model.
Conclusions: According to the results of the intervention design, planning and implementation of educational, therapeutic and social policies is necessary to reduce alcohol consumption in students.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

alcohol consumption
students
alcohol
meta-synthesis

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