نقش والدین در ارضای نیازهای اساسی روان‌شناختی فرزندان: مرور نظام‌مند

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی‌ارشد روان‌شناسی تربیتی، آموزش و پرورش بیرجند

2 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

زمینه: نظریۀ خودتعیین‌گری بیان می دارد که ارضاء سه نیاز اساسی و جهان‌شمول خودمختاری، شایستگی و ارتباط، باعث انگیزش درونی در کودکان و نوجوانان شده و نقش محوری در بهزیستی و سازگاری ایشان دارد. این نظریه تأکید می ­کند که والدین، در تعامل با سایر افراد تأثیرگذار در زندگی فرزندان، نقشی اساسی در اجتماعی کردن فرزندان دارند و شیوه رفتار آنان به طور عمده ای می­تواند بر ارضا یا بازداری نیازهای روان­شناختی مؤثر باشد.
هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف مرور نظامند پژوهش‌های (داخلی و خارجی) برای دستیابی به اقدامات و رفتارهای والدینی که بر ارضای نیازهای اساسی روان‌شناختی فرزندان تأثیر می‌گذارند، انجام شد.
روش: پژوهش حاضر کیفی و با روش مرور سیستماتیک (مرور نظام مند) انجام شده است. پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی ScienceDirect،ERIC ، Google Scholar، پژوهشگاه اطلاعات و مدارک علمی ایران (ایرانداک)، پایگاه اطلاعات علمی جهاد دانشگاهی (سید)، پایگاه مجلات تخصصی نور (نورمگز) و پایگاه مجلات و نشریات ایران (مگ ایران) برای یافتن مقالات مرتبط با معیارهای ورود و خروج مشخص جستجو شدند.
یافته‌ها: پس از طی مراحل شناسایی، غربال‌گری، ارزیابی و شمول، تعداد 23 مطالعه انتخاب شد و اقدامات والدینی در راستای ارضای نیازهای اساسی روان شناختی فرزندان از آنها استخراج شد. تعداد این اقدامات افزون بر 90 عنوان رفتار یا اقدام والدینی بود که به تفکیک سه نیاز خودمختاری، شایستگی و ارتباط ارائه و بر اساس شباهت، مقوله بندی شدند.
نتیجه‌گیری: از نتایج ای مرور می‌توان برای تهیه بسته ­های آموزشی معتبر و به کارگیری آن در راستای آموزش اقدامات والدینی مؤثر به والدین، برای ارتقای توانایی آنها برای ارضای نیازهای اساسی فرزندان­شان استفاده شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Role of Parents in Satisfying Basic Psychological Needs of Children: A Systematic Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marzie Sepahi 1
  • Mitra Rastgoomoghaddam 2
  • Mohammad Reza Asadi Younesi 2
1 MA in Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background: The theory of self-determination states that satisfying the three basic and universal needs of autonomy, competence and communication causes internal motivation in children and adolescents and plays a central role in their well-being and adaptation. This theory emphasizes that parents, in interaction with other influential people in their children's lives, play an essential role in the socialization of children, and their behavior can mainly be effective in satisfying or inhibiting psychological needs.
Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of systematic review of researches (domestic, Iran, and international) to achieve actions and behaviors of parents that affect the satisfaction of children's basic psychological needs.
Method: The research was qualitative that conducted with a systematic review method. The databases includes: ScienceDirect, ERIC, Google Scholar, Research Institute of Scientific Information and Documents of Iran (Irandac), Scientific Information Database of Academic Jihad (Said), Database of Noor Specialized Journals (Nurmagz) and Database of Iranian Magazines and Publications (Iran Mag).
Results: After going through the stages of identification, screening, evaluation and inclusion, 23 studies were selected and parental actions aimed at satisfying the basic psychological needs of children were extracted from them. The number of these measures was more than 90 titles of parental behavior or actions, which were presented separately according to the three needs of autonomy, competence, and communication, and were categorized based on similarity.
Conclusions: The results of the review can be used to prepare valid educational packages and apply them in order to teach effective parenting measures to parents, to improve their ability to satisfy the basic needs of their children.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • systematic review
  • role of parents
  • basic psychological needs
  • child rearing
  • parenting
  • parental

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پژوهش های کیفی در علوم رفتاری
دوره 2، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 3
تابستان 1402
شهریور 1402
صفحه 59-72

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 مهر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 فروردین 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 08 تیر 1402

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