مداخلات قلدری: مرور نظام‌مند پژوهش‌های ایران

صمدیه, هادی; خامسان, احمد

doi:10.22077/qrbs.2024.7774.1038

مداخلات قلدری: مرور نظام‌مند پژوهش‌های ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

¹ استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه بیرجند

² دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه بیرجند

10.22077/qrbs.2024.7774.1038

چکیده

زمینه: قلدری، مسأله‌ای فراگیر و جدی در حوزۀ سلامت روانی-اجتماعی است که گروه‌های سنی مختلف در فرهنگ‌های گوناگون را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. تاکنون مداخلات گوناگونی برای مقابله با این آسیب اجتماعی ارائه شده است.
هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، مرور نظام‌مند مداخلات قلدری و قربانی شدن سنتی و سایبری در جمعیت عمومی ایران بود.
روش: در یک مطالعۀ مروری نظام‌مند بر اساس دستورالعمل پریزما، پژوهش‌های کارآزمایی بالینی منتشر شده در حوزۀ قلدری در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی آنلاین (Magiran, Noormags, SID) در طی سال‌های 1382 تا 1403 با استفاده از ترکیب کلیدواژه‌های "قلدری" یا "زورگویی" یا "آزارگری" و "قلدری سایبری" یا "قلدری سنتی" یا "مزاحمت سایبری" مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند. از مجموع 403 مقالۀ منتشر شده، 90 مطالعه بر اساس معیارهای ورود در مقوله‌های ویژگی‌های کلی، ویژگی‌های گروه نمونه، دوره پیگیری، طرح پژوهش، پیامد و نوع مداخلات استخراج شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که تمرکز عمده مداخلات بر قلدری سنتی بوده است و مداخلات قلدری یا قربانی شدن سایبری کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بعلاوه، مشخص شد که کلیه مداخلات به صورت مقطعی و با محوریت داده‌ها یا گزارش‌های خودسنجی انجام شده است. همچنین، بیشتر مداخلات در گروه سنی نوجوانان که غالباً دانش‌آموزان دوره متوسطه بودند، صورت گرفته است. علاوه بر این، ارزیابی نوع مداخلات حاکی از این بود که آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی و مداخلات مبتنی بر تنظیم هیجان، رایجترین و پرکاربردترین مداخلات مرتبط با قلدری در گروه‌های سنی مختلف بودند.
نتیجه‌گیری: به طور کلی، یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر ضرورت انجام مطالعات طولی، توجه به طراحی برنامه‌های پیشگیری از قلدری (به ویژه قلدری و قربانی شدن سایبری) در گروه دانشجویان و کودکان خردسال و در بافت‌های متنوع (از جمله محیط‌های شغلی) و نیز توجه به سایر روش‌های جمع‌آوری داده را به منظور درک دقیق‌تر پدیده قلدری و مقابله کارآمد با آن مورد تأکید قرار می‌دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

مرور نظام مند

عنوان مقاله [English]

Bullying Interventions: A Systematic Review of Iranian Research

نویسندگان [English]

Hadi Samadieh ¹
Ahmad Khamesan ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

² Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background: Bullying is a widespread and serious problem in the field of psycho-social health that affects people of different age groups in different cultures. So far, various interventions have been presented to deal with this social pathology.
Aim: The current study aimed to conduct a systematic review of interventions addressing both traditional and cyber forms of bullying and victimization within Iran's general populace.
Method: Adhering to PRISMA, this systematic review canvassed clinical trials on bullying published in online databases (Magiran, Noormags, SID) from 2003 to 2024. Searches employed a combination of terms including "Bullying, "harassment, "cyberbullying, "traditional bullying, " and "cyber harassment". Out of 403 articles published, 90 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed based on general characteristics, sample group, follow-up duration, research design, outcomes, and intervention types.
Results: Analysis revealed a predominant concentration on traditional bullying, with comparatively less attention given to interventions for cyber bullying or victimization. The study identified that all interventions were cross-sectional, centering on data from self-assessment reports. A majority of these interventions targeted adolescents, particularly high school students. Furthermore, life skills training and emotion regulation-based interventions emerged as the most prevalent and widely implemented strategies for addressing bullying across various age groups.
Conclusions: Overall, the findings highlight the imperative for longitudinal research and the development of bullying prevention programs, with a particular focus on cyberbullying and victimization among university student and young child demographics, as well as in diverse settings such as the workplace. The study also advocates for the utilization of varied data collection methodologies to more precisely comprehend and effectively address the bullying phenomenon.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

bullying
victimization
systematic review
cyberbullying
students

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