Background: Maternal aggression toward children is a significant psychological concern; however, much of the previous research has been predominantly quantitative and has seldom explored mothers’ lived experiences or their in-depth understanding of this behavior. This limitation has led to an incomplete understanding of the roots and contextual factors of this phenomenon. Therefore, conducting an in-depth qualitative study is necessary to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the issue.



Objective: The present study aimed to develop a theoretical model of maternal aggression toward children and to identify the related factors, processes, and outcomes within the cultural context of Iran.



Method: This qualitative study employed the grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin (1998). Participants were mothers residing in Mashhad in 2024 who had relevant experience regarding the study topic. Purposeful sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, resulting in a total of 12 semi-structured interviews. Data analysis involved open, axial, and selective coding.



Findings: The results indicated that the central category is “Emotional Arousal: Care–Disciplinary Anger,” which is shaped by five other categories. Influencing factors included “Internal-External Challenges in Constructive Interaction with the Child,” “Incompatible Internal Experiences of the Mother,” and “Mother’s Support Networks.” Maternal aggression strategies were reflected in the category of “Maternal Misbehavior toward the Child,” and its consequences were captured as “Disruption of Individual and Family Functioning.” These findings highlight the complex interplay of psychological factors, personal experiences, and environmental supports in the emergence of maternal aggression.



Conclusion: Maternal aggression is a multidimensional phenomenon that requires special attention in educational and psychological programs aimed at enhancing mother–child relationships. Focusing on influential factors and support networks can play a preventive role in reducing aggression and promoting children’s mental health..

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